KIDNEY STONES – EFFECT OF DIFFERENT STONES
In the same way, infection, producing clumps of bacteria and pus, may allow stones to form as the salts are precipitated out of solution.
Obstruction to the free flow of urine always leads to infection and may cause stones. Changes in the pH of urine, making it more acid or alkaline, can also lead to the precipitation of salts.
Prolonged immobilisation, such as can occur with a person laid up in traction for a broken bone or in paraplegics and quadriplegics, can lead to the demineralisation of bone.
Calcium comes out of the bone and is excreted through the kidneys. This excess calcium can form stones.
Calculi may be made of different chemicals, sometimes from a combination of two or more substances.
Calcium oxalate stones are usually rough with sharp projections and, because these irritate the lining of the kidney and cause pain and bleeding, are usually detected while still small.
Calcium phosphate stones, on the other hand, are smooth and may grow to a large size without detection. They may fill the pelvis or collecting chamber of the kidney and project into pockets of the kidney substance.
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